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Women Rights Judgment on Article 25 clause (3)

PLJ 1990 SC 346 · Peshawar High Court

This Supreme Court order concerns Mst. Fazal Jan, an elderly woman who, without a lawyer, had pursued a civil suit claiming inheritance rights over land she said came down from her grandfather, Fazal Din, through either her father or an uncle. Her suit for declaration had been dismissed by the trial court, the appellate court, and finally by the Peshawar High Court in a civil revision, partly because her own statements about her family connection to Fazal Din were inconsistent.

The Supreme Court, after hearing her in person, found that she was clearly unable to present her complicated case coherently, and that the confusion in her statements likely stemmed from her inability to express herself clearly rather than dishonesty. It also noted that the opposing side's claim, based on a woman called Mst. Piari, was equally unclear, and that the property had passed through several suspicious transactions, including gifts, sales, and a pre-emption decree, raising the possibility that Fazal Jan's vulnerability had been exploited.

The Court granted her leave to appeal and ordered that she be provided a competent lawyer, holding that this assistance was required under Article 25(3) of the Constitution, which mandates special protection for women. It clarified that such protection covers not just physical safety but also property rights, and that courts themselves fall within the "State's" duty to protect women. This case is significant for recognizing that constitutional protection of women extends to ensuring fair access to justice and safeguarding their property rights.

سپریم کورٹ کا یہ حکم مسمات فضل جان کے مقدمے سے متعلق ہے، جو ایک بزرگ خاتون ہیں اور جنہوں نے بغیر وکیل کے ایک دیوانی مقدمہ دائر کیا تھا جس میں انہوں نے اس زمین میں وراثتی حقوق کا دعویٰ کیا تھا جو ان کے بقول ان کے دادا فضل دین سے، یا تو ان کے والد یا پھر چچا کے ذریعے، منتقل ہوئی تھی۔ ان کا اعلانیہ دعویٰ ٹرائل کورٹ، اپیلیٹ کورٹ، اور آخرکار پشاور ہائی کورٹ نے سول نظرثانی میں خارج کر دیا تھا، جس کی ایک وجہ یہ بھی تھی کہ فضل دین کے ساتھ اپنے خاندانی تعلق کے بارے میں ان کے اپنے بیانات میں تضاد پایا گیا تھا۔

سپریم کورٹ نے انہیں ذاتی طور پر سننے کے بعد پایا کہ وہ اپنا پیچیدہ مقدمہ واضح طور پر پیش کرنے کی اہلیت نہیں رکھتیں، اور ان کے بیانات میں جو ابہام پایا گیا وہ غالباً ان کی بیانیہ قابلیت کی کمی کا نتیجہ ہے نہ کہ بددیانتی کا۔ عدالت نے یہ بھی نوٹ کیا کہ مخالف

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