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Lal Muhammad and others V. Nawabzada Abdul Ghayas and others,

PLD 2017 Balochistan 100 · Balochistan High Court

This case involved a long-running land dispute in Kharan, Balochistan, between the descendants of the former Nawab of Kharan and families cultivating the land, who were recorded in revenue records as "Mouroosi Buzgars" (hereditary tenant-cultivators). The Nawab's heirs sued for a declaration of ownership and recovery of Haq Maalkana (the landowner's share of crop income, one-fourth of produce) for 2004-2008. The cultivators denied being mere tenants obligated to pay this share, claiming instead that the land was their own ancestral property and that revenue entries naming the Nawab's family as owners were wrongly obtained through influence. In a related case, the cultivators sued to correct these revenue entries.

The trial court and appellate court both ruled in favor of the Nawab's heirs, finding sufficient documentary evidence (including historical records showing the property was once held by the Deputy Commissioner as custodian, later transferred to the heirs, and payments made by the cultivators' predecessors) to prove ownership. The cultivators' witnesses were weaker and largely admitted ignorance of key facts.

The Balochistan High Court upheld these findings, ruling that documentary evidence outweighs oral testimony, and that since an earlier similar suit between the same parties had already settled the ownership issue, the second suit was barred by the legal principle of res judicata (a matter already decided cannot be relitigated). The court dismissed the cultivators' revision petitions, though it noted they could still pursue a separate

یہ مقدمہ خاران، بلوچستان میں ایک طویل عرصے سے جاری زمین کے تنازعے سے متعلق تھا، جو سابق نواب آف خاران کی اولاد اور اُن خاندانوں کے درمیان تھا جو زمین کاشت کرتے تھے اور محصول کے ریکارڈ میں "موروثی بزگر" (یعنی موروثی کاشتکار) کے طور پر درج تھے۔ نواب کے وارثوں نے مالکانہ حقوق کے اعلان اور 2004 سے 2008 تک کے حق ملکانہ (زمین کے مالک کا فصل کی آمدنی میں حصہ، یعنی پیداوار کا ایک چوتھائی) کی وصولی کے لیے دعویٰ دائر کیا۔ کاشتکاروں نے خود کو محض کرایہ دار ماننے سے انکار کیا جن پر یہ حصہ ادا کرنا لازم ہو، بلکہ اُن کا مؤقف تھا کہ زمین اُن کی اپنی آبائی ملکیت ہے اور محصول کے ریکارڈ میں نواب کے خاندان کا بطور مالک اندراج بااثر ذرائع کے غلط استعمال سے کروایا گیا تھا۔ ایک متعلقہ مقدمے میں کاشتکاروں نے اِن محصول کے اندراجات کی تصحیح کے لیے مقدمہ دائر کیا۔

ٹرائل کورٹ اور اپیلٹ کورٹ، دونوں نے نوا

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