No Action Detrimental to Interest of any Person can be taken
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This case involved a dispute over who should run the All Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA) after its Chairman's one-year term expired without a new election taking place. The Association's Managing Committee had passed a resolution saying that, until a new Chairman was elected, the Committee itself would manage affairs, with one member acting as convener. The government's Director Trade Organization cancelled this resolution, ruling it violated the Association's own governing rules, and instead directed that the Vice-Chairman should take charge. Members of the Managing Committee challenged this cancellation in the Lahore High Court.
The Court ruled in favor of the petitioners. It held that the Director's order was invalid because the Managing Committee members were never given a chance to be heard before their decision was overturned - a basic requirement of natural justice that must be followed before any action harmful to someone's interests is taken. The Court also found that, under the Association's own rules, when a Chairman's term ends without a new election, control should pass to the Managing Committee, not the Vice-Chairman as the Director had wrongly ordered. The Court set aside the Director's order to that extent and directed the Managing Committee to hold Chairman elections within two weeks.
This case matters because it reinforces that government officials cannot cancel decisions or take actions harming people's rights without first giving them a fair hearing, and it clarifies how internal succession disputes in trade organizations should be resolved according to their own constitutional documents.
یہ مقدمہ آل پاکستان ٹیکسٹائل ملز ایسوسی ایشن (اے پی ٹی ایم اے) کے انتظامی معاملات کے حوالے سے پیدا ہونے والے ایک تنازع سے متعلق تھا، جو اس وقت سامنے آیا جب ایسوسی ایشن کے چیئرمین کی ایک سالہ مدت ختم ہو گئی مگر نئے انتخابات منعقد نہ ہو سکے۔ ایسوسی ایشن کی مینیجنگ کمیٹی نے ایک قرارداد منظور کی تھی جس کے مطابق جب تک نیا چیئرمین منتخب نہیں ہو جاتا، کمیٹی خود ہی امور کی نگرانی کرے گی اور ایک رکن کنوینر کے طور پر کام کرے گا۔ حکومت کے ڈائریکٹر ٹریڈ آرگنائزیشن نے اس قرارداد کو منسوخ کر دیا اور یہ قرار دیا کہ یہ ایسوسی ایشن کے اپنے آئینی ضوابط کے خلاف ہے، اور اس کے بجائے حکم دیا کہ نائب چیئرمین چارج سنبھالیں۔ مینیجنگ کمیٹی کے ارکان نے اس منسوخی کے فیصلے کو لاہور ہائی کورٹ میں چیلنج کیا۔
عدالت نے درخواست گزاروں کے حق میں فیصلہ دیا۔ عدالت نے قرار دیا کہ ڈائریکٹر کا حکم غیر قانونی تھا کیونک
Generated from the full judgment text below — not a substitute for reading the actual opinion.
PLJ 2000 Lahore 1106 Present: MALIK MUHAMMAD QAYYUM, J. HUMAYUN ELAHI SHEIKH and 10 others-Petitioners versus FEDERATION OF PAKISTAN through MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND TRADE, ISLAMABAD etc.-Respondents W.P. No! 560 of 2000, heard on 9.3.2000. (i) Constitution of Pakistan (1973)-- —Art. 199-Order contrary to principles of natural justice-Effect-Decisions taken by Managing Committee of petitioner Association were annulled by Director Trade Organisation being not in accordance with Memorandum and Articles of Association of petitioner organisation-Validity--No action detrimental to interest of any person can be taken by statutory functionary except after allowing him opportunity of being heard which is minimum requirement of natural justice-Decision of Director Trade Organisation was liable to be struck down on that ground alone. [P. 1108] A (ii) Trade Organizations Ordinance, 1961 (XLV of 1961)-- —-S. 15-Constitution of Pakistan (1973), Art. 199-Tenure of Chairman of Trade Organization expiring—Now new Chairman elected—Effect— Managing Committee of such Trade Organization as per terms of Memorandum and Articles of Association would be competent to take over affairs of Trade Organization and not the Vice-Chairman as directed by Director Trade Organization—Where impugned order was contrary to provisions of law as also natural justice it was not necessary for petitioner to invoke alternative remedy provided by law-Order of Director Trade Organization to the extent of denuding Managing Committee of its power was declared to be without lawful authority and of no legal effect- Managing Committee however, was directed to hold election of Chairman within two weeks from Court's direction. [Pp. 1108 & 1109] B & C Mr. All Sibtain Fazli, Advocate for Petitioners. Kh. Saeez-ud-Zafar, Deputy Attorney General for Pakistan for Respondents Nos. 1 and 2. Mr. Tariq Shamim, Advocate for Respondent No. 3. Date of hearing: 9.3.2000. JUDGMENT This petition under Article 199 of the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 arises under the following circumstances:
2. Petitioner No. 11, All Pakistan Textile Mills Association commonly known as APTMA is a registered trade organization within the meaning of Trade Organization Ordinance, 1961, Its affairs are being managed by a managing committee which comprises of 27 members and has two years tenure. However, the Managing Committee is required to elect a Chairman of the association for a period of one year. Admittedly Petitioner No. 1 was elected as Chairman for the year 1998/99. His tenure having expired the matter was taken up by the Managing Committee which by its resolution dated 18.10.1999 decided that pending election of the Chairman the affairs will be managed by the Managing Committee of APTMA and Petitioner No. 1, Humayun Elahi Sheikh would be its convener. This decision taken by the committee was annulled by the Director Trade Organization on 13.1.2000 wherein he after referring to an order of Sindh High Court in Suit No. 1346 of 1999 observed that the resolution passed in the meeting held on 18.10.1999 regarding selection of Humayun Elahi Sheikh as convener of APTMA was not in accordance with Memorandum and Articles of Association of APTMA and therefore, the same stood cancelled. This order of Director Trade Organization has been challenged through this petition having been filed by 10 Members of the Managing Committee.
3. Mr. Ali Sibtain Fazli, Advocate, learned counsel for the petitioner has argued that the impugned order of the Director Trade Organization cancelling the resolution passed by the Managing Committee is wholly void inasmuch as the petitioners were not afforded any opportunity of being heard. The second contention raised by the learned counsel for the petitioner is that the Director Trade Organization has misdirected himself in observing that the resolution dated 18.10.1999 was not in accordance with the Memorandum and Articles of Association of APTMA inasmuch as according to Article 54 of the Articles of Association of Petitioner No. 11 after the expiry of the tenure, the Chairman shall automatically cease to hold the office and has to hand over the charge of the office to the Managing Committee if the election is not held. In the submission of the learned counsel there was no justification for the Director Trade Organization to direct that the affairs of the Association be taken over by the Vice-Chairman.
4. Kh. Saeed-uz-Zafar, learned Deputy Attorney General has raised a preliminary objection as to the maintainability of this petition on the ground that the petitioners have an equally fficacious relief available 10 them in the form of appeal to the Federal Government under Section 15 of the Trade Organization Ordinance, 1961 and as such this Constitutional petition is not aintainable. It was further argued by the Seamed Deputy Attorney General and Mr. Tariq Shamim, Advocate, learned counsel for Respondent No. 3 that there was no power vesting in the Managing Committee to have appointed a convener to take over the affairs of the Association and the resolution was violative of the provisions of memorandum and articles of association and was, therefore, rightly cancelled by the Director Trade Organization.
5. It is by now well settled that no action detrimental to the interest of any person can be taken by a statutory functionary except after allowing him an opportunity of being heard which is he minimum requirement, of natural justice. On this ground alone decision of Director Trade Organization is liable to be struck down,
6. There is also force in the contention of the learned counsel for the petitioners that in case where the tenure of the Chairman has expired and a new Chairman is not elected under Article 54 of Memorandum and Articles of Association, it is the Managing Committee which has to take over the affairs of the Trade Organization and not the Vice-Chairman as directed by the Director Trade Organization. Article 54 reads as under - "54. (i) On the expiry of fixed tenure period the Chairman will automatically cease to be the Chairman and will hand over the charge of his office to the newly elected Chairman or to the Managing Committee if the elections have not been held."
7. Faced with this situation learned Deputy Attorney General and learned counsel for Respondent No. 3 have argued that at least to the extent of appointing a convener the resolution was ultra vires the memorandum and Articles of Association. This position is not contested by the learned counsel for the petitioners who says that Humayun Elahi Sheikh Petitioner No. 1 has since resigned as a convener.
8. It follows that in absence of fresh election to the office of Chairman the control of Trade Organization vests in the Managing Committee which is obliged to hold elections immediately. The observation of the Director Trade Organization that the resolution dated 18.10.1999 is in conflict with the Memorandum and Articles of Association is not correct except to the extent of the appointment of convener which is no more a live issue in view of resignation of Hamayun Elahi Sheikh.
9. So far as the preliminary objection raised by the learned Deputy Attorney General and learned counsel for the respondent is concerned the same does not deserve any serious consideration inasmuch as it stands demonstrated on the record that the impugned order is contrary to the 2000 An TEXTILE (JHANG) LIMITED v. Govr. OF PAKISTAN Lah. 1109 (Malik Muhammad Qayyum, J.) provisions of law as also natural justice. In such circumstances, it is not necessary for the petitioner to invoke the alternative remedy provided by law. Furthermore, the remedy of appeal in the present case appears to be illusory. As a result of what has been stated above, this petition is allowed to the extent that order dated 13.1.2000 cancelling the resolution dated 18.10.1999 to the extent of denuding the Managing Committee of its power under Article 54 of the Memorandum and Articles of Association is declared to be without lawful authority and of no legal effect. The Managing Committee shall proceed to hold the elections to the office of Chairman within two weeks from today. (A.A.T.' Petition accepted.